Chip capacitors are mainly divided into NPO capacitors, X7R capacitors, Z5U capacitors and Y5V capacitors, and the difference between them is mainly that the filling medium is different, and the capacity of the capacitor composed of different filling media is different under the same volume, and the media loss and capacity stability of the capacitor are also different. Therefore, when using capacitors, different ones should be selected according to the different functions of capacitors in the circuit.

The chip capacitor is called multi-layer chip ceramic capacitor, equivalent to an insulator, which can play a role in the direct current circuit, and is one of the most commonly used electronic components in the SMT processing industry.

Chip capacitors are mainly divided into NPO capacitors, X7R capacitors, Z5U capacitors and Y5V capacitors, and the difference between them is mainly that the filling medium is different, and the capacity of the capacitor composed of different filling media is different under the same volume, and the media loss and capacity stability of the capacitor are also different. Therefore, when using capacitors, different capacitors should be selected according to the different roles of capacitors in the circuit.

First, NPO capacitors

NPO is one of the most commonly used monolithic ceramic capacitors with temperature compensation characteristics. Its filling medium is composed of rubidium, samarium and some other rare oxides.

NPO capacitors are one of the most stable capacitors in terms of capacitance and dielectric loss. At temperatures from -55 ° C to 125 ° C, the capacitance changes to 0±30ppm/ ° C, and the capacitance changes with frequency to less than ±0.3ΔC. The drift or lag of NPO capacitors is less than ±0.05%, which is negligible compared to thin film capacitors greater than ±2%. The typical variation in capacity relative to service life is less than ±0.1%. The capacitance and dielectric loss of NPO capacitors vary with frequency depending on the package form, and the frequency characteristics of large package size are better than that of small package size. The following table shows the optional capacity range of NPO capacitors.

Sealed DC=50V DC=100V

0805 0.5-- 1000pF 0.5-- 820pF

1206 0.5-- 1200pF 0.5-- 1800pF

1210 560---5600pF 560---2700pF

2225 1000pF-- --0.033μF 1000pF-- --0.018μF

NPO capacitors are suitable for slot capacitors in oscillators, resonators, and coupling capacitors in high-frequency circuits.

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Two, X7R capacitor

The X7R capacitor is known as a temperature-stable ceramic capacitor. When the temperature is -55 ° C to 125 ° C, the capacity change is 15%, it should be noted that the capacitor capacity change is non-linear at this time.

The capacity of the X7R capacitor is different under different voltage and frequency conditions, and it also changes with time, changing about 1%ΔC every 10 years, showing a change of about 5% over 10 years.

X7R capacitors are mainly used in less demanding industrial applications where the capacity change is acceptable when the voltage changes. Its main feature is that the power capacity can be relatively large under the same volume. The following table shows the capacity ranges available for X7R capacitors.

Sealed DC=50V DC=100V

0805 330pF-- --0.056μF 330pF-- --0.012μF

1206 1000pF-- --0.15μF 1000pF-- --0.047μF

1210 1000pF---0.22μF 1000pF-- 0.1μF

2225 0.01μF-- 1μF 0.01μF-- 0.56μF

Third, Z5U capacitor

Z5U capacitors are called "universal" ceramic monolithic capacitors. The first thing to consider here is the use of temperature range, the main thing for Z5U capacitors is its small size and low cost. For the above three ceramic monolithic capacitors, it is said that the Z5U capacitor has the largest capacitance under the same volume. However, its electrical capacity is greatly affected by the environment and working conditions, and its aging rate can decrease by up to 5% every 10 years.

Despite its unstable capacity, due to its small size, low equivalent series inductance (ESL) and equivalent series resistance (ESR), and good frequency response, it has a wide range of applications. Especially in the application of decoupling circuits. The following table gives the range of values for Z5U capacitors.

Sealed DC=25V DC=50V

0805 0.01μF-- 0.12μF 0.01μF-- 0.1μF

1206 0.01μF-- 0.33μF 0.01μF-- 0.27μF

1210 0.01μF-- 0.68μF 0.01μF-- 0.47μF

2225 0.01μF-- 1μF 0.01μF-- 1μF

Other technical indicators of Z5U capacitors are as follows:

Operating temperature range 10℃ -85 ℃

Temperature characteristic 22% ---- -56%

The maximum dielectric loss is 4%

Four, Y5V capacitor

The Y5V capacitor is a general purpose capacitor with a certain temperature limit, and its capacity can vary from 22% to -82% in the range of -30 ° C to 85 ° C. Y5V's high dielectric constant allows capacitors up to 4.7μF to be manufactured at small physical sizes.

The value range of Y5V capacitors is shown as follows

Sealed DC=25V DC=50V

0805 0.01μF-- 0.39μF 0.01μF-- 0.1μF

1206 0.01μF-- 1μF 0.01μF-- 0.33μF

1210 0.1μF-- 1.5μF 0.01μF-- 0.47μF

2225 0.68μF-- 2.2μF 0.68μF-- 1.5μF

Other technical indicators of Y5V capacitors are as follows:

Operating temperature range -30℃ -85 ℃

Temperature characteristics 22% ---- -82%

The maximum dielectric loss is 5%

In the selection of chip capacitors, not only to look at the quality of the price, but also to see which type of chip capacitors belong to, according to the different role of capacitors in the circuit to choose different capacitors to achieve the highest value of chip capacitors.